一直使用VPS，今天心血来潮，想升级一下VPS上的ubuntu和kernel版本，但在升级过程中，遇到一个情况：VPS的boot分区太小，剩余空间不足，造成kernel upgrade时失败了。
The upgrade has aborted. The upgrade needs a total of 207 M free
spaC++e on disk '/boot'. Please free at least an additional 69.2 M of
disk space on '/boot'. You can remove old kernels using 'sudo apt
autoremove' and you could also set COMPRESS=xz in
/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf to reduce the size of your
initramfs.
按照上面提示，尝试把压缩选项从lz4改成了xz，但空间依旧不够。仔细检查了下boot分区内的文件，发现以前老旧的kernel image占用了很大空间，遂尝试了下面的命令进行了删除，删除之后就可以正常升级kernel了。
root@valuable-idea-1:~# uname -a Linux valuable-idea-1.localdomain 5.15.0-138-generic #148-Ubuntu SMP Fri Mar 14 19:05:48 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@valuable-idea-1:~# apt remove linux-image-5. linux-image-5.15.0-138-generic linux-image-5.4.0-214-generic root@valuable-idea-1:~# apt remove linux-image-5.4.0-214-generic Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: accountsservice alsa-topology-conf alsa-ucm-conf at bsdmainutils crda cryptsetup-run dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service gcc-10-base glib-networking glib-networking-common glib-networking-services gsettings-desktop-schemas language-selector-common libaccountsservice0 libasn1-8-heimdal libasound2 libasound2-data libboost-program-options1.71.0 libcanberra0 libcbor0.6 libdconf1 libdns-export1109 libevent-2.1-7 libffi7 libfl2 libfuse2 libgssapi3-heimdal libhavege1 libhcrypto4-heimdal libheimbase1-heimdal libheimntlm0-heimdal libhogweed5 libhx509-5-heimdal libicu66 libjson-c4 libkrb5-26-heimdal libldap-2.4-2 libltdl7 libmpdec2 libnettle7 libntfs-3g883 libogg0 libperl5.30 libproxy1v5 libPython3.8 libpython3.8-minimal libpython3.8-stdlib libreadline5 libroken18-heimdal libsoup2.4-1 libsoup2.4-common libtdb1 liburcu6 libvorbis0a libvorbisfile3 libwebp6 libwind0-heimdal ltrace lz4 ncal perl-modules-5.30 popularity-contest python3-entrypoints python3-future python3-mock python3-pbr python3-requests-unixsocket python3-simplejson python3.8 python3.8-minimal session-migration sound-theme-freedesktop Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them. The following packages will be REMOVED: linux-image-5.4.0-214-generic linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-214-generic 0 upgraded， 0 newly installed， 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded. After this operation， 215 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y (Reading database ... 116717 files and directories currently installed.) Removing linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-214-generic (5.4.0-214.234) ... Removing linux-image-5.4.0-214-generic (5.4.0-214.234) ... I: /boot/vmlinuz.old is now a symlink to vmlinuz-5.15.0-138-generic I: /boot/initrd.img.old is now a symlink to initrd.img-5.15.0-138-generic /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools: update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-214-generic /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub: Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub' Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg' Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-138-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-138-generic Warning: os-prober will not be executed to detect other bootable partitions. Systems on them will not be added to the GRUB boot configuration. Check GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER documentation entry. done
root@valuable-idea-1:~# apt autoremove --purge Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: accountsservice* alsa-topology-conf* alsa-ucm-conf* at* bsdmainutils* crda* cryptsetup-run* dconf-gsettings-backend* dconf-service* gcc-10-base* glib-networking* glib-networking-common* glib-networking-services* gsettings-desktop-schemas* language-selector-common* libaccountsservice0* libasn1-8-heimdal* libasound2* libasound2-data* libboost-program-options1.71.0* libcanberra0* libcbor0.6* libdconf1* libdns-export1109* libevent-2.1-7* libffi7* libfl2* libfuse2* libgssapi3-heimdal* libhavege1* libhcrypto4-heimdal* libheimbase1-heimdal* libheimntlm0-heimdal* libhogweed5* libhx509-5-heimdal* libicu66* libjson-c4* libkrb5-26-heimdal* libldap-2.4-2* libltdl7* libmpdec2* libnettle7* libntfs-3g883* libogg0* libperl5.30* libproxy1v5* libpython3.8* libpython3.8-minimal* libpython3.8-stdlib* libreadline5* libroken18-heimdal* libsoup2.4-1* libsoup2.4-common* libssl1.1* libtdb1* liburcu6* libvorbis0a* libvorbisfile3* libwebp6* libwind0-heimdal* linux-headers-5.4.0-214* linux-headers-5.4.0-214-generic* linux-modules-5.4.0-214-generic* ltrace* lz4* ncal* perl-modules-5.30* popularity-contest* python3-entrypoints* python3-future* python3-mock* python3-pbr* python3-requests-unixsocket* python3-simplejson* python3.8* python3.8-minimal* session-migration* sound-theme-freedesktop* 0 upgraded， 0 newly installed， 78 to remove and 0 not upgraded. After this operation， 298 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y (Reading database ... 111359 files and directories currently installed.) Removing language-selector-common (0.219.1) ... Removing accountsservice (22.07.5-2ubuntu1.5) ... Removing alsa-topology-conf (1.2.5.1-2) ... Removing alsa-ucm-conf (1.2.6.3-1ubuntu1.12) ... Removing at (3.2.5-1ubuntu1) ... Removing bsdmainutils (12.1.7+nmu3ubuntu2) ... Removing crda (3.18-1build1) ... Removing cryptsetup-run (2:2.4.3-1ubuntu1.3) ... Removing libsoup2.4-1:amd64 (2.74.2-3ubuntu0.2) ... Removing glib-networking:amd64 (2.72.0-1) ... Removing gsettings-desktop-schemas (42.0-1ubuntu1) ... Removing dconf-gsettings-backend:amd64 (0.40.0-3) ... Removing dconf-service (0.40.0-3) ... Removing gcc-10-base:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Removing glib-networking-services (2.72.0-1) ... Removing glib-networking-common (2.72.0-1) ... Removing libaccountsservice0:amd64 (22.07.5-2ubuntu1.5) ... Removing libldap-2.4-2:amd64 (2.4.49+dfsg-2ubuntu1.10) ... Removing libgssapi3-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-3ubuntu1) ... Removing libheimntlm0-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-3ubuntu1) ... Removing libkrb5-26-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-3ubuntu1) ... Removing libhx509-5-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-3ubuntu1) ... Removing libcanberra0:amd64 (0.30-10ubuntu1.22.04.1) ... Removing libasound2:amd64 (1.2.6.1-1ubuntu1) ... Removing libasound2-data (1.2.6.1-1ubuntu1) ... Removing libboost-program-options1.71.0:amd64 (1.71.0-6ubuntu6) ... Removing libcbor0.6:amd64 (0.6.0-0ubuntu1) ... Removing libdconf1:amd64 (0.40.0-3) ... Removing libdns-export1109 (1:9.11.16+dfsg-3~ubuntu1) ... Removing libevent-2.1-7:amd64 (2.1.12-stable-1build3) ... Removing python3.8 (3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04.18) ... Removing libpython3.8:amd64 (3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04.18) ... Removing libpython3.8-stdlib:amd64 (3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04.18) ... Removing libffi7:amd64 (3.3-5ubuntu1) ... Removing libfl2:amd64 (2.6.4-8build2) ... Removing libfuse2:amd64 (2.9.9-5ubuntu3) ... Removing libhavege1:amd64 (1.9.1-6ubuntu1) ... Removing libhcrypto4-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-3ubuntu1) ... Removing libheimbase1-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-3ubuntu1) ... Removing libhogweed5:amd64 (3.5.1+really3.5.1-2ubuntu0.2) ... Removing libicu66:amd64 (66.1-2ubuntu2.1) ... Removing libjson-c4:amd64 (0.13.1+dfsg-7ubuntu0.3) ... Removing libltdl7:amd64 (2.4.6-15build2) ... Removing libmpdec2:amd64 (2.4.2-3) ... Removing libnettle7:amd64 (3.5.1+really3.5.1-2ubuntu0.2) ... Removing libntfs-3g883 (1:2017.3.23AR.3-3ubuntu1.3) ... Removing libvorbisfile3:amd64 (1.3.7-1build2) ... Removing libvorbis0a:amd64 (1.3.7-1build2) ... Removing libogg0:amd64 (1.3.5-0ubuntu3) ... Removing libperl5.30:amd64 (5.30.0-9ubuntu0.5) ... Removing libproxy1v5:amd64 (0.4.17-2) ... Removing python3.8-minimal (3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04.18) ... Unlinking and removing bytecode for runtime python3.8 Removing libpython3.8-minimal:amd64 (3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04.18) ... Removing libreadline5:amd64 (5.2+dfsg-3build3) ... Removing libwind0-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-3ubuntu1) ... Removing libsoup2.4-common (2.74.2-3ubuntu0.2) ... Removing linux-headers-5.4.0-214-generic (5.4.0-214.234) ... Removing libssl1.1:amd64 (1.1.1f-1ubuntu2.24) ... Removing libtdb1:amd64 (1.4.5-2build1) ... Removing liburcu6:amd64 (0.11.1-2) ... Removing libwebp6:amd64 (0.6.1-2ubuntu0.20.04.3) ... Removing linux-headers-5.4.0-214 (5.4.0-214.234) ... Removing linux-modules-5.4.0-214-generic (5.4.0-214.234) ... Removing ltrace (0.7.3-6.1ubuntu6.22.04.1) ... Removing lz4 (1.9.3-2build2) ... Removing ncal (12.1.7+nmu3ubuntu2) ... Removing perl-modules-5.30 (5.30.0-9ubuntu0.5) ... Removing popularity-contest (1.71ubuntu3) ... Removing python3-entrypoints (0.4-1) ... Removing python3-future (0.18.2-5ubuntu0.1) ... Removing python3-mock (4.0.3-3) ... Removing python3-pbr (5.8.0-0ubuntu1) ... update-alterNatives: warning: alternative /usr/bin/python3-pbr (part of link group pbr) doesn't exist; removing from list of alternatives update-alternatives: warning: /etc/alternatives/pbr is dangling; it will be updated with best choice Removing python3-requests-unixsocket (0.2.0-2) ... Removing python3-simplejson (3.17.6-1build1) ... Removing session-migration (0.3.6) ... Removing sound-theme-freedesktop (0.8-2ubuntu1) ... Removing libasn1-8-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-3ubuntu1) ... Removing libroken18-heimdal:amd64 (7.7.0+dfsg-3ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.9) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.20-2ubuntu4.1) ... Processing triggers for mailcap (3.70+nmu1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.72.4-0ubuntu2.4) ... No schema files found: removed existing output file. (Reading database ... 76078 files and directories currently installed.) Purging configuration files for session-migration (0.3.6) ... Purging configuration files for libpython3.8-minimal:amd64 (3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04.18) ... Purging configuration files for at (3.2.5-1ubuntu1) ... Purging configuration files for python3-pbr (5.8.0-0ubuntu1) ... Purging configuration files for libssl1.1:amd64 (1.1.1f-1ubuntu2.24) ... Purging configuration files for popularity-contest (1.71ubuntu3) ... Purging configuration files for linux-modules-5.4.0-214-generic (5.4.0-214.234) ... dpkg: warning: while removing linux-modules-5.4.0-214-generic， directory '/lib/modules/5.4.0-214-generic' not empty so not removed Purging configuration files for ltrace (0.7.3-6.1ubuntu6.22.04.1) ... Purging configuration files for bsdmainutils (12.1.7+nmu3ubuntu2) ... Purging configuration files for python3.8-minimal (3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04.18) ... Purging configuration files for language-selector-common (0.219.1) ... Purging configuration files for crda (3.18-1build1) ... Purging configuration files for accountsservice (22.07.5-2ubuntu1.5) ... Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.20-2ubuntu4.1) ...
root@valuable-idea-1:~# update-grub Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub' Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg' Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-138-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-138-generic Warning: os-prober will not be executed to detect other bootable partitions. Systems on them will not be added to the GRUB boot configuration. Check GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER documentation entry. done